November 2008
Summary
Réalités industrielles
Ecodesign, a new industrial economy?
Complete issue
This issue was coordinated
by Marie-Josèphe CARRIEU-COSTA
This issue was coordinated
Editorial
By Pierre Couveinhes
Foreword: Ecodesign, an environmental economics — toward a new industrial socio-economy
By Marie-Josèphe CARRIEU-COSTA
None
Tools, processes and methods in question
Ecodesign, a few questions for architecture
By Pascal Gontier
Architecte DPLG
Thanks to the development of an architecture based on the idea of a “passive building”, the efficiency of heating has improved tremendously. Other environmental issues just as important, such as natural lighting or the management of water and garbage, have often been left in the background. In fact, part of the gains from improved heating has been offset by the growing consumption of energy for ventilation, air-conditioning and lighting. A new generation of environmental friendly buildings will have to take account of all forms of energy consumption — not just the energy used to occupy them but also the “shady” category of the energy for making and using construction materials.
Ecotechnology in the building trades
By Bruno Peuportier
MINES PARISTECH, Centre Energétique et Procédés
Tools have been developed to assess the environmental impact of buildings by taking into account the making of construction materials, operations at the building site, the use of the building (heating and water consumption), its demolition, and the processing and recycling of its rubble. These tools for assisting decision-making can serve to study technical innovations with regard to environmental quality.
Toward buildings with a positive energy balance
By Jean-Christophe Visier
Directeur énergie santé environnement, Centre scientifique et technique du bâtiment
As the results of the recent “Grenelle of the Environment”, which assembled French officials and organizations for a wide-ranging discussion of ecological issues, enter into application, buildings should gradually switch from being the foremost consumers of energy to becoming producers of energy. The stakes, technically, economically and socially, are enormous.
Packaging and the environment: An assessment and the prospects
By Charles Tissandié
Chef du département Génie du conditionnement et de l'emballage IUT " A" de Toulouse III, Site de Castres
et Yannick Knapp
Chef du département Génie du Conditionnement et de l'emballage IUT d'Avignon
The environmental impact of packaging still sparks strong reactions in public opinion. Remarkable progress has been made in recent years thanks to simple, logical measures and changes in regulations. The future of packaging is ecodesign. It takes into account a product’s environmental effects throughout its logistic cycle and life. This calls for more sophisticated analytical tools, which are now being developed.
The analysis of a product’s life cycle and ecodesign: Keys for a new chemistry
By Sylvain Caillol
PhD - Chef de Projet CNRS Environnement et Développement Durable Délégué Général de la Chaire de Chimie Nouvelle pour un Développement - ChemSuD Chef de projet Fédération Française pour les Sciences de la Chimie - FFC
The process of innovation in industry, particularly the chemical industry, is undergoing a change. It must be integrated into the ecodesign of products and procedures. From this viewpoint, the life-cycle analysis, a tool used to identify effects on the environment, falls short. A new tool, integrated in the process of innovation, is needed for steering ecodesign. Small business should be able to use it.
Energy and materials: New points of view
Wastes: Toward a circular economy
By Diane d’Arras
Directeur Recherche et Métiers, Suez-Environnement
Managing the wastes produced by our way of living and the growing population (especially in cities) is a challenge for our societies. It must be taken up with regard to the objectives set by the recent “Grenelle of the Environment”, in particular the operational measures foreseen for reducing and recycling wastes.
More electricity for less CO2
By Yves Bamberger
Directeur de la Recherche du Groupe EDF, membre de l'Académie des Technologies
Efficient solutions based on electricity exist for energy consumption by buildings, industry and transportation. Replacing the combustion of fossil fuels with them should significantly reduce CO2 emissions. On account of hydraulic and nuclear power, most of the electricity produced in France does not come from fossil fuels. This proportion should even increase in the future thanks to both the European pressurized reactor (EPR) and renewable energy sources, including wind power.
Ecodesign and renewable raw materials: Biodegradability — the example of polymers
By Alain Copinet
Université de Reims
Ecodesign often invokes the concept of biodegradability. What does this mean? Several sorts of natural polymers are produced from renewable resources; but how to measure their biodegradability? What are the impediments to developing these products? How to overcome them?
Geologically stocking CO2, a solution in the fight against climatic change
By Jean-Michel Gires
Directeur Développement durable et Environnement de Total
Using fossil fuels still seems a necessity for the coming years. Given this, how to keep the CO2 thus emitted from spreading into the atmosphere? Capturing CO2 and stocking it in the earth hold promise.
From company to consumer: New requirements
Is ecodesign profitable for business?
By Matthieu Glachant
Maître de Recherche en économie à Mines Paris Tech, Directeur du Cerna - Centre d'Economie industrielle
In one opinion poll after another, consumers never stop declaring their concern about environmental issues. But do their purchases actually reflect this concern? Firms are proudly boasting about their “performance” on environmental questions. But are they actually designing and backing “green” products? What role should public authorities play in this context?
Managing sustainable development at Lafarge
By Olivier Luneau
Directeur développement durable et affaires publiques
A world leader in building materials, Lafarge is the only firm in this industry that, in 2008, is listed among the 100 transnational corporations that are the most committed to sustainable development. For several years now, Lafarge has been trying to reconcile several concerns: industrial efficiency, the creation of value, respect for people and cultures, protection of the environment, the conservation of natural resources and saving energy.
An example of ecodesign in agribusiness: AgriMip Innovation, a pole of competitiveness in the Midi-Pyrénées region
By Hubert de Rochambeau
INRA, Centre de recherches de Midi-Pyrénées
Thierry Véronèse
Directeur adjoint, Midi-Pyrénées Innovation
et Patrice Roché
AgripMip Innovation
Agricultural products must satisfy both consumer needs (tastes and consumer confidence in produce and production processes) and citizen demands (a responsible, environmental friendly industry and agriculture). AgriMip Innovation’s ambition is to design an engineering of innovation adapted to this situation thanks to an original analytical tool: “agro-chains”.
Small businesses faced with ecodesign and sustainable development
By Sophie Boutillier
Maître de Conférences (HDR) Directrice du Centre de Recherche sur l'Economie en Mutation et l'Entreprise (CREME) Directrice du département économie/gestion de l'Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale et rédactrice en chef de la revue Innovation.
Olivier Contant
Consultant, Gérant du Cabinet ID2E
et Claude Fournier
Ancien directeur adjoint de l'Institut Supérieur des Métiers Chercheur associé au LabRII - Laboratoire de recherche sur l'industrie et l'innovation
The concept of ecodesign was born in big corporations. Can it be transposed to small businesses? The development of environmental analysis software (product life cycle, energy balance, ecological footprints) has opened an access to environmental data for small firms. But might the latter not already be involved in ecodesign without knowing it? A study conducted in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region suggests this.
Ecodesign, an added value for firms and a future factor in competitiveness?
By Myriam Puaut
Ademe, Direction Clients - Département éco-conception et consommation durable
As feedback from experience shows, a step in finding the way to reduce a product’s impact on the environment is to become aware of it. This new way of looking at products opens possibilities for technical improvements and innovations. It is an additional driving force in creativity. It can increase a product’s environmental added value, make it stand out from rivals and even respond to new expectations in the marketplace.